American (foreground) and East German forces face one another across the newly built wall. The ostensible reason East Germany built the wall was as an "anti-fascist shield" to discourage a military invasion and the incursion of spies from the West. But the explanation was seen as laughable by most in the West, as West Berliners were still allowed to cross over to East Berlin even after the Wall went up—at first.
Photo: Paul Schutzer/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images