May 2014 - Page 4 of 5

Berlin Wall: Photos From the Birth of a Brutal Divide

January 17, 2020May 15, 2014 by

In the early 1960s, LIFE magazine’s photographers chronicled the construction of the Berlin Wall and, once it was built, its effect on residents living in the newly divided city. The Soviets and East Germans built the Wall, in part, to stop the flight of Eastern Bloc citizens who frequently used Berlin as the point from which they tried to escape to the West. (By the time the Wall was built, an estimated 20 percent of the East German population had fled.)

In its September 8, 1961 issue, LIFE wrote that the newly constructed wall, “up to 20 feet high and tipped with cruel glass splinters, is now an all but permanent barrier between the hapless people in both sectors [of divided Berlin] . . . Communist inhumanity has seldom showed itself more baldly or more brutally than in its Berlin wall and the anguish and indignity it is now working upon the people of Berlin, young and old, East and West.”

With the crude bulwark in place, the ideological divide between Eastern and Western superpowers grew sharper, more frightening and (seemingly) more intractable. Here, LIFE.com offers powerful pictures of the construction and earliest days of the Wall photos that offer a glimpse into an era that today feels at once profoundly alien, and disturbingly familiar.

Liz Ronk edited this gallery for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk.

A hand reached above the broken glass-covered top of the Berlin Wall in August 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A West German man boosted up his son to give him a view of the other side of the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A woman, in the foreground, who had escaped to West Berlin, spoke to her mother, who was still in West Berlin.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A West German woman looked out her window onto the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

U.S. and East German forces faced each other across the newly built Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A crowd of West Berlin residents watched as an East German policeman patrolled the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A couple enjoyed a West Berlin bar with a view of the Berlin Wall outside.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German mason built up a fresh portion of the Berlin Wall in August, 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A crowd of jeering West Berlin youths protested the newly constructed wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sunlight shone on the barbed wire and blocks of the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German policeman used sunlight reflected off a mirror in an attempt to stop photographers from taking pictures.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A West Berlin child struggled with a sealed door that had become a part of the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

West Berlin children built a pretend Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Three West Berlin police officers jumped off a truck, ready to start their shifts on guard duty at the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German teen hid in tall grass, awaiting a chance to jump over the Berlin Wall. “Crouching in a tangle of grass in East Berlin,” wrote LIFE when this escape sequence originally ran in he magazine, “and hidden except for his face [barely visible on the left side of the pic], a boy waits to make a break over the wall he must surmount to reach the West. Nearby is a patrol of East German Vopos who will shoot to kill if they see him.”

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German teen made his way to the West, climbing over the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German teen escaped over the Berlin Wall to the West.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

West German police looked out over the Berlin Wall for potential escapees to the West.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A Lebanese businessman, Edmond Khayat, carried an 85-pound wooden cross to protest the Berlin Wall in October 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Birds rested on barbed wire atop the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A divided Berlin, seen through barbed wire and rubble in January 1962.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Children chased a ball beside the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A girl played with a ball at the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German guard threw a ball back to a child on the West German side of the Berlin Wall in 1962.

Paul Schutzer/LIFE Pictures/Shutterstock

An East German policeman walked near Checkpoint Charlie between East and West Berlin in October 1962.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A girl looked through a frosty window at the Berlin Wall.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

The Berlin Wall bore the shadowy silhouettes of West Berliners waving to their relatives on the unseen, Eastern side of the Wall in December 1962.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A divided Berlin was seen through a tangle of barbed wire.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sacred Ground: A Portrait of Arlington National Cemetery

January 17, 2020May 13, 2014 by

Millions of words have been written about Arlington National Cemetery through the years, but none can ever do justice to the singular atmosphere of the place itself. From its founding in 1866, just a year after the cataclysmic Civil War ended, the 600 acres situated across the Potomac from the Lincoln Memorial have constituted sacred ground for generations of Americans.

Here, LIFE.com offers a series of photographs made at Arlington by George Silk. Never published in LIFE magazine, Silk’s pictures are appropriately quiet, reflective portraits of a small corner of the country that occupies a special, prominent place in the national consciousness.

A bugler played “Taps” at Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Horses pulled a caisson through Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Groundskeepers, Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Digging a grave, Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

The original, temporary John F. Kennedy “Eternal Flame,” 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Horses pulled a caisson through Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Funeral, Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Tending a grave, Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A man rested in the shade at Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A resident squirrel perched on a headstone at Arlington National Cemetery, 1965.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sudden Death in Vietnam: ‘One Ride With Yankee Papa 13’

August 11, 2021May 12, 2014 by

In the spring of 1965, within weeks of 3,500 American Marines arriving in Vietnam, a 39-year-old Briton named Larry Burrows began work on a feature for LIFE magazine, chronicling the day-to-day experience of U.S. troops on the ground and in the air in the midst of the rapidly widening war. The photographs in this gallery focus on a calamitous March 31, 1965, helicopter mission; Burrows’ “report from Da Nang,” featuring his pictures and his personal account of the harrowing operation, was published two weeks later as a now-famous cover story in the April 16, 1965, issue of LIFE.

Over the decades, of course, LIFE published dozens of photo essays by some of the 20th century’s greatest photographers. Very few of those essays, however, managed to combine raw intensity and technical brilliance to such powerful effect as “One Ride With Yankee Papa 13” universally regarded as one of the greatest photographic documents to emerge from the war in Vietnam.

Here, LIFE.com presents Burrows’ seminal photo essay in its entirety: all of the photos that appeared in LIFE are here. (Note: In a picture from the article, Burrows mounts a camera to a special rig attached to an M-60 machine gun in helicopter YP13 a.k.a., “Yankee Papa 13.” At the end of this gallery, there are three previously unpublished photographs from Burrows’ 1965 assignment.]

Burrows, LIFE informed its readers, “had been covering the war in Vietnam since 1962 and had flown on scores of helicopter combat missions. On this day he would be riding in [21-year-old crew chief James] Farley’s machine and both were wondering whether the mission would be a no-contact milk run or whether, as had been increasingly the case in recent weeks, the Vietcong would be ready and waiting with .30-caliber machine guns. In a very few minutes Farley and Burrows had their answer.”

The following paragraphs lifted directly from LIFE illustrate the vivid, visceral writing that accompanied Burrows’ astonishing images, including Burrows’ own words, transcribed from an audio recording made shortly after the 1965 mission:

“The Vietcong dug in along the tree line, were just waiting for us to come into the landing zone,” Burrows reported. “We were all like sitting ducks and their raking crossfire was murderous. Over the intercom system one pilot radioed Colonel Ewers, who was in the lead ship: ‘Colonel! We’re being hit.’ Back came the reply: ‘We’re all being hit. If your plane is flyable, press on.’

“We did,” Burrows continued, “hurrying back to a pickup point for another load of troops. On our next approach to the landing zone, our pilot, Capt. Peter Vogel, spotted Yankee Papa 3 down on the ground. Its engine was still on and the rotors turning, but the ship was obviously in trouble. “Why don’t they lift off?’ Vogel muttered over the intercom. Then he set down our ship nearby to see what the trouble was.

“[Twenty-year-old gunner, Pfc. Wayne] Hoilien was pouring machine-gun fire at a second V.C. gun position at the tree line to our left. Bullet holes had ripped both left and right of his seat. The plexiglass had been shot out of the cockpit and one V.C. bullet had nicked our pilot’s neck. Our radio and instruments were out of commission. We climbed and climbed fast the hell out of there. Hoilien was still firing gunbursts at the tree line.”

Not until YP13 pulled away and out of range of enemy fire were Farley and Hoilien able to leave their guns and give medical attention to the two wounded men from YP3. The co-pilot, 1st Lt. James Magel, was in bad shape. When Farley and Hoilien eased off his flak vest, they exposed a major wound just below his armpit. “Magel’s face registered pain,” Burrows reported, “and his lips moved slightly. But if he said anything it was drowned out by the noise of the copter. He looked pale and I wondered how long he could hold on. Farley began bandaging Magel’s wound. The wind from the doorway kept whipping the bandages across his face. Then blood started to come from his nose and mouth and a glazed look came into his eyes. Farley tried mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but Magel was dead. Nobody said a word.”

In his searing, deeply sympathetic portrait of young men fighting for their lives at the very moment America is ramping up its involvement in Southeast Asia, Larry Burrows’ work anticipates the scope and the dire, lethal arc of the entire war in Vietnam.

Six years after “Yankee Papa 13” ran in LIFE, Burrows was killed, along with three other journalists Henri Huet, Kent Potter and Keisaburo Shimamoto when a helicopter in which they were flying was shot down over Laos in February, 1971. He was 44 years old.

Larry Burrows Time & Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Vietnam War, LIFE Magazine, Yankee Papa 13

Larry Burrows Time & Life Pictures/Shutterstock

LIFE_unpublished_slide

Vietnam War, LIFE Magazine, Yankee Papa 13

Larry Burrows Time & Life Pictures/Shutterstock

JFK: Portraits of a Political Superstar, 1947-1963

December 30, 2019May 8, 2014 by

Not many public figures from the middle part of the 20th century are as closely identified with LIFE magazine as John Fitzgerald Kennedy. From his days as a decorated war hero in the late 1940s, through his years as a senator, into the White House and up until the very moment of his assassination, LIFE photographers spent an enormous amount of time (and film) on the ambitious Democrat from Massachusetts.

That he married a woman as magnetic and stylish as the former Jacqueline Bouvier essentially guaranteed that the two young cultural and political icons would never be absent from the weekly’s pages for long.

Here, LIFE.com features a series of photographs some classics, some rare, that were made during the decade and a half when John Kennedy was on his way to becoming, for a time, the most powerful person on earth.

Buy the LIFE book, The Day Kennedy Died

Liz Ronk edited this gallery for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk.

Rep. John F. Kennedy, 1947

Al Fenn/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Senatorial candidate John F. Kennedy attended a tea party given by female supporters, 1952.

Yale Joel/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sen. John Kennedy in Cape Cod with his fiancee, Jacqueline Bouvier, 1953.

Hy Peskin Collection

John and Jackie Kennedy at their wedding reception, September 1953.

Lisa Larsen/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Senator John F. Kennedy, 1957.

Hank Walker/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John and Robert Kennedy at a hearing of a Senate select committee on labor racketeering, 1957.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sen. John Kennedy played football with his nephew, Bobby Jr., at his brother Robert’s Hickory Hill, Va., home, 1957.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John and Jackie Kennedy with their baby daughter, Caroline, in their Georgetown home, 1958.

Nina Leen/ Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John Kennedy with his daughter Caroline in 1958.

Ed Clark/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

In a picture that he later called his favorite photo of himself, Senator John F. Kennedy walked the dunes near Hyannis Port, Mass., 1959.

Mark Shaw/mptvimages.com

JFK Campaigning, 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John F. Kennedy gave a speech while standing on a kitchen chair in West Virginia’s coal country, 1960.

Hank Walker/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Kennedy campaigned in West Virginia, 1960.

Hank Walker/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Democratic National Convention, Los Angeles, 1960

Ralph Crane/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John and Robert Kennedy conferred in a Los Angeles hotel suite during the 1960 Democratic National Convention.

Hank Walker/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John F. Kennedy rode in a car with his wife Jackie upon his return home from Democratic National Convention in 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sen. John Kennedy with his young daughter Caroline at home after he was named the Democratic Party presidential candidate in 1960.

Alfred Eisenstaedt/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Sen. John F. Kennedy on a private plane during his presidential campaign, 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Young female supporters of Sen. John F. Kennedy awaited his arrival at a campaign appearance in Michigan, 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Senator John F. Kennedy checked over a speech at a stop during his presidential campaign, 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Presidential candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon at the time of their famous television debates, 1960.

Ed Clark/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John Kennedy on the campaign trail, 1960.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President-elect John F. Kenned, his wife Jackie and others walked to JFK’s inauguration, January 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Marian Anderson sang at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration, 1961.

George Silk/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President Harry Truman signed President John Kennedy’s program at a luncheon after JFK’s inauguration, 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jaqueline in their box at his Inaugural Ball, January 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office, 1961.

Cornell Capa Magnum

Boyd Leedom (a member of the National Labor Relations Board), President John F. Kennedy, Senator Frank W. Carlson, the Rev. Billy Graham and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John Kennedy tossed out the first ball of the season at a baseball game, 1961.

Joe Scherschel/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John Kennedy pinned NASA’s Distinguished Service Medal on Alan Shepard’s chest, 1961.

Joe Scherschel/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John F. Kennedy met with former President Dwight Eisenhower at Camp David in the midst of the Bay of Pigs crisis, 1961.

Ed Clark/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

John F. Kennedy in the White House, 1961.

Paul Schutzer/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

People in a department store watched as President John Kennedy announced a blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962.

Ralph Crane/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

During a visit to West Germany President John F. Kennedy looked over a section of the Berlin Wall, June 1963.

John Dominis Time & Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John Kennedy signed autographs during his landmark visit to Ireland in June 1963.

John Dominis/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

President John Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy (standing at window) in the Oval Office, 1962.

Art Rickerby/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Vintage Vegas: Scenes From a Desert Boomtown

December 30, 2019May 8, 2014 by

Of all the major destination towns in the U.S., Las Vegas might be the most perfectly, unashamedly transparent. No other city in North America, after all has for so long been so identified with one pursuit: namely, the heart-pounding, more-often-than-not-futile hunt for the improbable, near-mythic Big Score.

And the fact that Las Vegas resembles a gaudy neon mirage in the desert? Well, surely no more apt an image could apply to a place where dreams of riches, and occasionally of romance go to die.

But Las Vegas is also a place where dreams, large and small, are just as frequently born. Hotel and casino owners dream of founding (or furthering) their financial empires. Singers, dancers, comedians and magicians dream of performing night after night before rapt crowds. The unemployed from all over the U.S. dream of finding work.

In 1955, 50 years after Las Vegas was founded, LIFE magazine took a rather skeptical look at the boomtown and its prospects for growth in a cover story titled “Gambling Town Pushes Its Luck.” The Loomis Dean pictures in this gallery, meanwhile (many of which were never published) provide some wonderful visual reminders of how raw a place Las Vegas was in the mid-’50s, before the Rat Pack made the city its home away from home and decades before it would begin to reinvent itself as a family-friendly mecca.

Some of the pictures appeared in the June 20, 1955, issue of LIFE, in an article that described the city as “set for its biggest boom,” with some caveats:

In Las Vegas last week the temperature was up to a torrid 110 degrees and the townsfolk who operate the only large gambling center in the country welcomed the seasonable weather. With it they expected the usual bountiful summer crop of tourists trying out their luck and leaving their money behind. The sign of good times seemed everywhere. . . . But with all this a shadow of doubt fell across Las Vegas, a worry that the bloom it was set for has started to wilt.

In the past month, two new top-notch hotels opened. One was the $5 million Dunes, which lugged 120 slot machines in anticipation of the rush. The other was the Moulin Rouge, the first interracial hotel in Las Vegas, which welcomed whites and Negroes to its accommodations and gambling tables. It had Joe Louis as part-owner and host, and a lively, lovely chorus in its floor show.

Like a gambler on a prolonged winning streak, Las Vegas had the feeling its run of luck couldn’t end. For more than a decade, it had parlayed one prosperous year into a more prosperous next year and went into the expansion more in the spirit of hunch than of calculated economics. The opening of the new hotels and of what Las Vegas hoped would be a new era of money-making was opulent and promising. . . . But when the excitement of the opening died down, the town looked at its new places—where customers were scarce and the betting was light—and wondered: Has Vegas pushed its luck too far?

That question, of course, has come up repeatedly over the years, as the desert city has steadily grown from a 100-acre (40 hectare) railroad town in 1905 to a sprawling metropolis today. But no matter the odds, Las Vegas has thus far always seemed to have one more ace in the hole, one more trick up its sleeve to keep the lights on, the casino floors humming and the dreamers, the players and the suckers coming back over and over again.

Liz Ronk edited this gallery for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk.

Las Vegas, Nevada 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, Nevada 1955

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955. A little-used pool at one of the city’s newest hotels.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A billboard for the under-construction El Morocco Hotel, Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A billboard for the under-construction Tropicana, Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

A prop slot machine backstage at the Royal Nevada Hotel and Casino.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis DeanThe LIFE Picture Collection © Meredith Corporation

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Idling croupiers (in shirtsleeves) dawdled behind their roulette tables because few customers were placing bets in The Dunes two weeks after opening night.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

The crap tables at the Dunes were tried by Jake Freedman (center), the owner of the rival Sands club. He lost $10,000 before deciding his luck was off that night.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, Nevada 1955

Loomis Dean Time & Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas casino, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

Las Vegas, 1955.

Loomis Dean/Life Pictures/Shutterstock

New York Groovy: City Fashions from the Summer of 1969

August 12, 2021May 6, 2014 by

Summertime in pretty much any city is a different experience than any other season, but summer in New York is another world. Many of the people who can afford to escape Gotham in July and August usually do so, and even if their numbers are relatively small among the city’s eight million souls, the extra elbow room that their absence provides the rest of us on the streets, at the museums and in the parks, bars and restaurants lends the metropolis a far less frenetic vibe.

It’s not that the city’s unique energy vanishes; instead, it’s directed toward the pursuit of leisure—street fairs, picnics and plays in the parks, free concerts, people-watching rather than New Yorkers’ customary quests for money, power, fame, an apartment with two bathrooms. . .

In the summer, despite baking in the sweltering heat, encountering undefinable and often jarring aromas around every street corner and dealing with the constant prospect of citywide blackouts, New Yorkers give themselves license to slow down. To cease striving. To breathe.

In August 1969, meanwhile, LIFE magazine was busy celebrating not the season itself, but the eye-popping fashions that the “young people” which, judging by these pictures, meant anyone under the age of 40 were sporting during the summer months. In a cover story shot by photographer Vernon Merritt III, LIFE lauded “That New York Look” with an almost poetic zeal:

New York City is a costume party for the young this summer, a party taking place outdoors, on the streets and in the parks. Long hair, long legs. The party is not always elegant, but it is completely alive.

It isn’t really hard to tell the boys from the girls, even when they are both in bell-bottoms, and of course most boys don’t put shoe polish on their eyes. All are wearing what they want to to wear, from the shortest skirts to the longest skins.

How they look depends partly on where they go. The ferry is different from a Seventh Avenue lunch stand and very different from Central Park.

The look is not what New York calls sophisticated, but even so, it catches the eye. Many of the girls seem to get their kicks with makeup. They wear it anywhere absolutely anywhere.

The important thing is to express yourself. Depending on your talents you can do it with a 25-key soprano Melodica or a long, cool stare. You choose. The New York look is a celebration of the self.

Here, in recognition of the singular look and feel of that long-ago New York summer, LIFE.com presents a number of the photographs that ran in the “New York Look” article, as well as some other, atmospheric shots that did not run in LIFE.